Using Stage Pyrotechnics Safely

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The following points are basic safety guidelines. In no sense do they constitute legal advice. The relevant manufacturers safety guidance should be followed at all times. Further detailed recommendations especially tailored for use in theatres can be found in Pyrotechnics and Smoke Effects. This is an ABTT Code of Practice.

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If during the planning stage for your show you are considering whether or not to use pyrotechnics always remember; 'If in doubt, leave it out'. If there is not a definite reason for using a pyrotechnic effect at a particular point don't use it.

• Nominate one adult to be responsible for the pyros. This person must have total control over both the location of the effects and whether or not it is safe to fire an effect during any particular rehearsal or performance. They can also be the effect operator.
• Use only a professionally designed and manufactured controller suitable for detonating the types of pyros which you are using. The controller must be sited such that the effect operator has a clear view of the effects being fired at all times. This may be achieved using CCTV or sighters if necessary. If the operator cannot see the effect, or does not have clear confirmation that it is safe to fire it, they should not fire it; regardless of any other instructions to do so.
• The key to the firing controller should be removed and held by the effect operator at all times, except when testing or firing an effect.
• All effects should be sited so that there is no danger to people - this includes the cast, crew, musicians, venue staff and audience - and well clear of any scenery, drapes (curtains) or other pyros.
• Let everyone involved know what to expect from the pyros by setting at least one off during rehearsals. Children especially can be very frightened if they do not know what to expect and when. If possible do not fire pyros at all when young children are on stage.
• There must be no smoking, naked flames or other sources of ignition allowed near the pyros or their storage area at any time.
• Pyros should be stored securely, in their original boxes, at all times. Unpacking and transferring them to alternative packaging may invalidate their hazard classification. The operator or responsible person should remove only the minimum amount necessary from the store. Only effect pods which are actually going to be fired during a particular act should be loaded.
• Take care when loading pyros into their pods. The person loading must have the firing key in their possession. The mains power to the firing controller must be unplugged and the firing cable from the controller should be disconnected from the pod. Point the pod away from you when loading the effect and when reconnecting the firing cable. Never go near or touch loaded pyros without first following all the above precautions.
• All pyros produce large quantities of smoke. If your venue has smoke detectors ensure that they will not be set off accidentally by the pyros.
• If you intend to use maroons (bangs) use only the smallest one possible and fire it in a professionally constructed 'bomb tank'. Clearly sign the area around the tank and ensure that everyone stays clear, especially when it is fired. Remember to inform everyone, especially your sound engineers, of exactly when in the script the maroon(s) will be fired and ensure that all crew using talkback headsets turn their microphones off BEFORE the explosion. The very high sound pressure levels created can do serious damage to microphones, loudspeakers and ears!
• You will need to obtain permission to use pyros - usually at least seven days in advance - from the local authority which licences your venue for public performances.
• Pyrotechnics cannot be sent via Royal Mail, Parcel Force and some other types of delivery services. Check with your supplier in advance exactly how and when they will be delivered or whether you will need to arrange collection.

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